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Vyhodnocení vlivu orby a hloubkového kypření na strukturu porostu a výnos zrna pšenice
Pokorný, Vít
This thesis deals with the effect of plowing and subsoiling on the structure of the spring wheat crop and the quality of spring wheat grain, as well as the effect of these two technologies on soil compaction. The literature review briefly describes basic information about soil and soil compaction, as well as necessary information about the plow and subsoiler and necessary information about spring wheat. In the practical part of this thesis, undisturbed soil samples were taken and evaluated, and the penetrometric resistance of the soil was measured, before and after tillage using the monitored technologies. Compaction has not been found. However, it was confirmed that subsoiling has a positive effect on the soil physical properties, despite the fact that there was no improvement in pentrometric resistance and soil moisture. Furthermore, the condition and structure of the spring wheat crop were evaluated, the results showed that at first plowing was better but before harvest subsoiling showed better plant density, and finally the yield and quality of the wheat grain were evaluated and compared. Plowing also came out better from this, despite the fact that subsoilling achieved a better number of plants and ears per m2. The field experiment took place in Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou in the local part of Vacenovice.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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Comparison of plowing and no-till tillage
DOLEJŠÍ, Přemysl
This final thesis deals with the comparison of plowing and non-plowing soil tillage. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes soil properties and importance of soil cultivation. Following is a presentation and description of selected technologies of soil cultivation. The practical part presents the measurement results. It was investigated whether this or that technology was more cost-effective and how different processing would affect soil compaction. The results are presented for the sake of clarity through tables and graphs.
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Návrh přípravku k testování utužení půdy na univerzálním zkušebním stroji
BOČEK, Jan
The aim of the work was to produce a functional fixture for soil compaction testing on a universal testing machine. Above all, the question was whether the testing fixture could withstand the forces acting on the soil on a testing machine.In the theoretical part of the thesis is generally described soil compaction and how to prevent it. Further, there are described other instruments by which we can determine the soil firmness, from a simple spade test to more complex electronic instruments. This section also describes the universal testing machine.The practical part describes the production of the soil compaction test and the production costs are recorded in the table. The device is shown in the drawings for a better idea. The course of the experiment, individual measurements and repetitions are described. The results for better clarity are shown in the graphs.
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Vliv tlaku v pneumatikách na výstupní parametry orební soupravy
Rýznar, Jiří
With the continuous development of the technology leads to an increase in working engagement of the tool and the tractor weight. Heavy machinery and then crossing over land causing negative compaction, resulting in loss of production, poor water retention, nutrient air. These factors result in reduced monetary values of produced crops. Plowing is one of the most energy and resource intensive operations, while at present it is still used. One of austerity machine is equipped with a central tire inflation system, thereby reducing the fuel efficiency per hectare sets increase, reducing slippage, time required for the operator as well as to reduce soil compaction.Theoretical part discusses conventional tillage where part split the plows, describes linkage control systems a central tire inflation tire design solutions.The practical part is focused on monitoring the impact of the inflation pressure of the tires of tractors that affect the result output parameters Plow kit. Among the factors affecting the economic cost operations include correctly chosen tires which allows to work at such a reduced air pressure, then the correctly chosen adjustment of the plow set of tractors. In the field measurements were determined fuel consumption, performance sets, volumetric efficiency, volumetric fuel consumption for wheel slip of the tractor the plow 1170 Case CVX coupling plow verified. As found by lowering the tire pressure decreased fuel consumption, fuel consumption slippage displacement, as well as increased performance kit volumetric efficiency.
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Experimentální stanovení vybraných fyzikálních parametrů půd pro potřeby počítačového modelování utužení půd v důsledku pojezdu zemědělské techniky.
HALÍŘ, Vladimír
The aim of the thesis was to experimentally determine the selected physical parameters of soil samples with the output of data usable for the needs of computer modeling and simulation of soil compaction as a result of soil loading by agricultural machinery. Output data should be expediently consolidated according to the proposed primary data synthesis proposals, taking into account the obviousness and clarity of the operating influences useful under normal agricultural practice. The practical part deals with the diagnosis of relevant factors determining and affecting the technological and consistency properties of soil samples with a focus on the content factor of the added organic soil organic matter. The output of the thesis is both the raw data of the model sample series in the form of graphical dependencies of the selected specification factors within the range of the defined intervals, as well as the outline of the design of a range of cooperative interconnections with the possibility of data evaluation, with the support of a sophisticated program for the creation of computer multiphysical simulations such as COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS?.
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The employment of cone penetrometer to detect soil compaction in a model area
Plasová, Marie ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
There are some authors who claim that the soil is one of the nonrenewable resources, because pedogenesis is thousand-years-long process. Unfortunately, natural features of soil are often degraded - the mechanism of this is describe below in this work. The thesis focuses on one of the soil degradation processes - pedocompaction in context of intensive agriculture. It is much better to prevent the soil compaction then to try to fix it afterwards; the price is high and the soil after land development is still not as good as it originally was. In this work we used a model area in Kleneč in an attempt to examine the relationship between a colored mosaic seen on the ortophoto with data on profile depth gained from terrain measuring using cone penetrometer. The results were analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Their results are somewhat contradictious: the correlation is 37, 6 % with p-value 0,44 and the regression is 6,55 % with p-value 0,18. The reason could be that the relationship between the phenomena is non-linear. For clearer conclusion, it would be better to do more analysis on the field and in the laboratory as well. Key words: soil degradation, soil compaction, pedocompaction, penetrometer
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Vliv zatížení a tlaku huštění pneumatik traktoru na utužení půdy
Minařík, Jiří
As farm tractors and field equipment become larger and heavier, there is a growing concern about soil compaction. Heavy equipment and tillage implements can cause damage to the soil structure. The soil structure is important, because it determines the ability of a soil to hold and conduct water, nutrients, and air. These properties are necessary for plant root activity. The basic connection between soil and machine are tyres. The choice of tyres in agriculture not only affects economy of soil operations and traffic, but it affects the soil structure too. The manufacturers of tyres and agricultural machines are developing new constructions, which has goal to decrease impact of heavy machinery on soil structure. Practical part of diploma thesis deals with the influence of load and inflation of tractor tyres on soil compaction. The results of experimental measurement confirmed negative influence of heavy tractor on soil structure.
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Sledování utužení půdy na daném pozemku
VONDRÁČEK, Jan
In the thesis is discussed problem with soil compaction in the agriculture in the Czech Republic, causing of aspects of this phenomenon as well as a method suppressing this phenomenon and prevent its. In this work are also mentioned machinery and equipment and their possibilities editing to reduce the compression of the soil. There are also the results of field measurements, which were carried out during the season on land that has been processed by different technology in several of its parts and other measurements carried out occasionally in the Czech Republic to observe the state of soil compaction.
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The comparison of different methods for soil physical properties determination
Domin, Vojtěch ; Kumhála, František (advisor) ; Mašek, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on comparison of the methods which are used for soil physical properties measurement . A penetrometer and Kopecky rollers were used. To assess these methods, the soil properties were evaluated on the land of joint-stock company Sloveč near Městce Králové. The first part of this thesis consists of an introduction which describes the basic information related to this issue. The second part deals with literature review where the basic physical properties of soils are discussed, such as porosity and bulk density. The aim of this diploma thesis is mentioned in the third part. It is followed by the methodology in which the different methods of measurement are described. The next chapter focuses on the analysis of measured data and its evaluation. The next part deals with the technical-economic evaluation of measurement methods. The last part brings the conclusion which summarizes all the results of the thesis. The most interesting result of this diploma thesis that penetrometric measurement is affected by soil moisture content so significantly that it can show soil compaction entirely on other areas of the land than measurements using Kopecky rollers.
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